To the human communities who rely on them, mangrove forests represent local sources of sustainable income from the harvest of fish and timber, as well as non-timber forest products such as medicinal plants, palm leaves and honey. 787–800 in G.M.E. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Mangrove Restoration Las Terrenas, Dominican Republic. [27] These are all issues that are related to climate change and are expected to increase in severity in the future. They then convert this into biomass made of complex carbon compounds. [12] This is known as Blue carbon. Brinson (eds.) Relying on indigenous knowledge this initiative strengthens community resilience and sustainable livelihood options. Mastrandrea, T.E. Additionally, they protect riparian zones by absorbing floodwaters and slowing down the flow of sediment-loaded river water. 3 main axes: restoring the mangrove ecosystem in the Mahakam delta, supporting local economic development, particularly by setting up sustainable fishing models, and raising environmental awareness among a wide public, including the youngest. La mangrove joue un rôle majeur dans l’atténuation et la régulation des impacts du changement climatique : elle est à la fois un rempart contre la violence des tempêtes et elle contribue à la séquestration et au stockage du carbone. It is projected that a 1-meter rise in sea level could inundate and destroy mangrove forests in many regions around the globe,[4] which would leave coastal communities vulnerable to the risks of flooding, shoreline erosion, saline intrusion and increased storm activity.[5]. "Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Wetlands and Water Synthesis", World Resources Institute, Washington, DC, 2005. "The world's mangroves 1980-2005. Mangroves are critical coastal ecosystems that impact our lives. [14] Indonesia has one of the highest rates of mangrove loss, yet the most carbon stored from mangroves. Latest news. They buffer coastal communities against extreme weather events such as hurricanes, stabilise coastlines and slow or reduce soil erosion. Taking this into account, it becomes crucial to the success of a restoration project to evaluate what the hydrology of a disturbed mangrove site should look like under normal conditions, and the ways in which it has been modified. Ten of the world's least developed countries are now prioritizing mangrove restoration in their NAMAs. Can restoring mangroves help achieve the Sustainable Development Goals? [8] These approaches begin with the understanding that a damaged mangrove area may be able to repair itself through the natural processes of secondary succession, without being physically planted, provided that its tidal and freshwater hydrology is functioning normally and there is an adequate supply of seedlings. Mass mangrove restoration: Driven by good intentions but offering limited results, Mangrove restoration: Offering 2-for-1 solutions to climate change. Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation. D.C. Donato, J.B. Kauffman, D. Murdiyarso, S. Kurnianto, M. Stidham, et al. Concept Note for EMR Workshops in Asia and Latin America", 2010. Lewis, Roy R. "Methods and criteria for successful mangrove forest restoration", Chapter 28, pp. Mangroves are arguably the most diverse and important habitats on the planet. IUCN and The Nature Conservancy are producing a global map with cutting edge analysis on the potential for, and challenges to, mangrove restoration. Mangrove restoration: Offering 2-for-1 solutions to climate change Mangroves: Green coastal guardians This project is part of the International Climate Initiative . (2011). Restoration actions: The Livelihoods project demonstrates how restoring degraded wetlands can go hand-in-hand with fighting poverty and improving family income. A summary of coastal wetland carbon, including mangroves, is seen in the accompanying image. You can trust that Conservancy of Southwest Florida is equipped to do the job - with your ongoing support. The project, which will be the largest mangrove restoration project undertaken in Jamaica, is expected to be completed by 2026 and will result in a mangrove system that is viable, healthy and optimally functioning. Mangroves among the most carbon-rich forests in the tropics. However, about 200–220 ha showed successful mangrove restoration. While most mangrove restoration projects are based on the costly process of hand sowing thousands of mangrove seedlings, Lewis did no planting at all. "FSM 2000 – National Forest Resource Management, Chapter 2020 – Ecological Restoration and Resilience", "Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Keywords: mangrove forest, mangrove Malaysia, mangrove restoration project In some areas, restoration may be prohibitively difficult due to the degradation of the soil that regularly follows the clear-cutting of mangrove forests. [9] This approach usually fails over the long term because the underlying soil and hydrological requirements of the mangroves are not being met. [11] Being the most carbon-rich tropical forest, mangroves are highly productive and are found to store 3 to 4 times more carbon than other tropical forests. [16] The cost of this globally is estimated to total $42 billion. A Thematic Study Prepared in the Framework of the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005", FAO Forestry Paper 153, 2007. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of theIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[Field, C.B., V.R. They nourish biodiversity as nursery grounds for many coastal and marine species and support fisheries. There's no easy answer. A minimum of 500,000 mangrove trees will be planted the first year. 10 years after its launch, the Livelihoods Carbon Fund measured the social and environmental impacts of its largest mangrove restoration project in Senegal, in partnership with Ramsar Convention, IUCN and FFEM. In fact, he’s established mangrove forests in more than 20 countries around the world. The Mangrove Restoration Potential Map is a unique interactive tool developed to explore potential mangrove restoration areas worldwide and model the potential benefits associated with such restoration. “There was a major restoration project in Saint Lucia, and their shade house is 12 by 14,” she said. [1] Since environmental impacts are an ongoing threat, to successfully restore an ecosystem implies not merely to recreate its former condition, but to strengthen its capacity to adapt to change over time. [29] It has also been found that areas surrounding mangrove forests are subject to less damage from cyclones than non forested areas.[30]. Losada, J.-P. Gattuso, J. Hinkel, A. Khattabi, K.L. McInnes, Y. Saito, and A. Sallenger, 2014: Coastalsystems and low-lying areas. Different restoration approaches face this challenge in different ways. MacCracken, P.R. [28] Evidence suggests that this initiative was successful in increasing accretion of coastal sediment, which reduced coastal erosion in this area and protects coastal communities from flooding and storm events. Tested and proven over millions of years, this method is the most cost-effective means of removing CO2 from the atmosphere with permanent storage in the ground, protected by living trees above the ground. Stay current with the stories below which highlight mangrove work from IUCN members and partners around the world. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Estrada, R.C. Other estimates of loss may differ due to having been drawn from a smaller pool of data. Since they may directly feel the effects of restoration projects, they should be involved in the process as much as feasibly possible, from decision-making to maintenance over the long term. Working Group II: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mangrove_restoration&oldid=986812553, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. 361-409. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. "Ecological Mangrove Restoration (EMR) and Training Project. [18] It is the opinion of literary scholars that the REDD program can increase carbon sequestration from mangroves and therefore reduce carbon in the atmosphere. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The costs of individual projects should be calculated on a case-by-case basis (Tri et al., 1998). In consulting the original literature on mangrove restoration (Watson 1928, Noakes 1951, Chapman 1976, Lewis 1982, Hamilton and Snedaker 1984, Lewis 1990a, Lewis 1990b, Crewz Could restoration be a solution? Therefore, mangroves can help support the livelihood of those living in areas already vulnerable to climate change threats. Type in your point of interest and you will get a list of available selections from a global search address database. Wetland plants, like mangroves, take in carbon dioxide when they perform photosynthesis. The Yapen Mangrove Restoration Project began on December 1st, 2019. This project is part of the International Climate Initiative (IKI). ©2020 IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Restoration Opportunities Assessment Methodology (ROAM), Mangrove restoration potential: Mapping tool, Publications on forest landscape restoration, Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, Environmental, Economic and Social Policy (CEESP), World Commission on Environmental Law (WCEL), World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA). Their involvement and local knowledge, as well as collaboration with other stakeholders such as sponsors and governing agencies, is crucial to the success of restoration projects. [3] Much of this lost mangrove area was destroyed to make room for industry, housing and tourism development; for aquaculture, primarily shrimp farms; and for agriculture, such as rice paddies, livestock pasture and salt production. [13] The image to the right shows the global distribution of above ground carbon from mangroves. They are used by mammals, reptiles and migratory birds as feeding and breeding grounds, and provide crucial habitats for fish and crustacean species of commercial importance. Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Wetlands and Water Synthesis", "Working Group II: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. This project partners with the Comcaac Indigenous Community to establish a community-based seagrass and mangrove restoration project in the Gulf of California. By restoring the mangrove plantations, Yagasu has recreated a barrier for coastal protection and revived a bio-diverse habitat. 1999). [10] mangrove.org 6001 Highway A1A Indian River Shores, FL 32963 Phone: 321-431-6595 Skype: mangrove.org Mach,M.D. The objective of the project is to seek the commitment of Guyanese towards the protection and development of sustainable mangrove forests. [3] However, there are limits to the capacity of mangroves to adapt to climate change. [26] They provide protection to local communities from sea level rise, coastal erosion and storms. Lewis, Roy R. "Mangrove Field of Dreams: If We Build It, Will They Come? Saint Lucia’s Ma Kôté mangrove forest is the largest in the Eastern Caribbean, but it recently has sustained severe damaged due to poor water circulation. [15] Therefore, it is suggested that if the correct policy is implemented, countries like Indonesia can make considerable contributions to global carbon fluxes.[14]. Though progress is being made to use the forests in a sustainable way, there is room for more by adding many other eco-friendly, income generating initiatives and reforestation projects. Mangrove restoration is the regeneration of mangrove forest ecosystems in areas where they have previously existed. In the IPCC AR5 report, the potential of ecosystem-based adaptation (EBA) to climate change is discussed, which includes the restoration of mangroves. The degraded mangrove areas of Gazi will be rehabilitated using a participatory approach, thus enhancing mangrove goods and services for the local community. Mastrandrea, and L.L. Additionally, they protect riparian zonesby absorbing flood… Mangroves make up a critical ecosystem found in tropical and subtropical regions. Mangrove forests have a potential to mitigate climate change, such as through the sequestration of carbon from the atmosphere directly, and by providing protection from storms, which are expected to become more intense and frequent into the 21st century. Bahamas Mangrove Restoration Project: BTT Interviews MANG Co-Founder Kyle Rossin. Mangrove restoration-the natural CO2 greenhouse gas mitigation. They are a nursery ground for most reef fish, creatures, and corals, and provide essential support to other near by marine ecosystems. Project details. One example of this approach is the Ecological Mangrove Restoration method [10] which recommends the following steps, to be undertaken using healthy mangroves of the surrounding area as a reference: The actual planting of seedlings is a last resort, since it fails in many cases;[10] it should be considered only if natural recruitment of seedlings fails to reach the restoration objective. Common effects include advanced erosion of the soil, loss of nutrients, high levels of salinity, and/or buildup of toxins. Part A:Global and Sectoral Aspects. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment estimates the total loss worldwide at 35% between 1980 and 2000, but this result was drawn from data on only slightly more than half of the total mangrove area. The practice of mangrove restoration is grounded in the discipline of restoration ecology, which aims to “[assist] the recovery of resilience and adaptive capacity of ecosystems that have been degraded, damaged, or destroyed”. [6] A recent estimate puts the total mangrove area worldwide in 2005 at 152,000 km2 – down from 188,000 km2 in 1980. This allows sediments to drop to the bottom where they are held in place, thus containing potentially toxic waste products and improving the quality of water and sanitation in coastal communities. [8] However, even without this extent of degradation, the soil may become unable to host plant life at all due to the loss of the live mangrove roots, which exuded oxygen and carbohydrate into the soil and maintained its quality. The Guyana Mangrove Restoration Project was executed during 2010-2013 under the National Agricultural Research & Extension Institute. [17] Therefore, in recent years, there has been more focus on the importance of mangroves, with initiatives being developed to use reforestation as a mitigation tool for climate change. The Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB) supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag. Assess the ecology, especially reproduction and distribution patterns, of the mangrove species at the disturbed site; Map the topographical elevations and hydrological patterns that determine how seedlings should establish themselves at the site; Assess the changes made to the site that currently prevent the site from recovering by itself; Design a restoration plan that begins by restoring the normal range of elevations and tidal hydrology at the site; and. On a global scale, they have been shown to sequester carbon in quantities comparable to higher-canopy terrestrial rainforests, which means that they may play a role in climate change mitigation,[2] in addition to physically protecting coastlines from the projected sea-level rise associated with climate change. [22], Moreover, the Mangroves for the Future (MFF) initiative, led by IUCN and UNDP, encourages the rehabilitation of mangroves by engaging with local stakeholders and creating a platform for change. The restoration employed canal techniques, instead of simple plantation of seedlings, and a fish bone pattern of canals was utilized. The roots of the mangrove physically buffer shorelines from the erosive impacts of ocean waves and storms. Elsevier Press, 2009. The UN estimate deforestation and forest degradation to make up 17% of global carbon emissions, which makes it the second most polluting sector, following the energy industry. Mangrove Restoration project Introduction In April 2013, ForestSense, together with partner organizations, EUC Coastal & Marine, Rhizophora Consultants, the Filippijnengroep Netherlans and local partner organization Process-Bohol developed a feasibility study for a mangrove restoration project … [7] Other drivers of mangrove forest destruction include activities that divert their sources of freshwater, such as groundwater withdrawals, the building of dams, and the building of roads and drainage canals across tidal flats. Monitor the site to determine if the restoration has been successful in light of the original objectives. These restoration activities include hydrological restoration (to restore proper tidal flow, freshwater inputs, and salinity levels) and restoring sediment elevation. Kissel, A.N. The potential of Indonesian mangrove forests for global climate change mitigation. Building from the World of Opportunities map, which demonstrates that 2 billion hectares of deforested and degraded lands worldwide have the potential for forest landscape restoration, this new map will add an assessment of restoration potential as it relates to climate change adaptation and mitigation – including priority areas for mangrove restoration. They are used by mammals, reptiles and migratory birds as feeding and breeding grounds, and provide crucial habitats for fish and crustacean species of commercial importance. Ecosystems restoration s: planting mangroves in the Mahakam Delta is the focus of the project. 19.3.3.5, "Mangrove Ecosystems, "Ecological Mangrove Restoration in Thailand", "Predicting Global Patterns in Mangrove Forest Biomass", "What is REDD+? This page was last edited on 3 November 2020, at 04:10. Photo: Justin Lewis. The roots of the mangrove physically buffer shorelines from the erosive impacts of ocean waves and storms. Levy,S. Mangrove forests are some of the world’s most valuable coastal ecosystems—and they’re being destroyed at an alarming rate. The project dubbed T he Fruit Farm Creek Mangrove Restoration is being funded by a federal grant from the National Marine Fisheries Service for fish habitat recovery from Hurricane Irma. Our work will enhance national and regional capacity and skills relevant to future mangrove restoration efforts. Climate Change 2001. Following completion of the Project phase and given the importance of mangroves to Guyana’s coastal defences, mangrove restoration and management was integrated into NAREI in 2014. An important but often overlooked aspect of mangrove restoration efforts is the role that the local communities play as stakeholders in the process and the outcome. The Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB) supports this initiative on the basis of a decision adopted by the German Bundestag The long-lasting aftereffects of mangrove degradation underscore the importance of eliminating its causes, since once sites are cleared, it is difficult for them to recover without a scientific intervention. Mangrove Restoration. We’ve lost 50% of the world’s mangroves just in the past half century, and if current trends continue, the remaining mangroves could be gone within the next 100 years. mangrove restoration The changing sands, and the ebb and flow of water into the mangroves forests, will require monitoring well into the future. Nine out of 23 project sites (i.e. Mangrove Restoration About; The Nature Conservancy; Legal Disclosure; These are links that will take you to the Coastal Resilience website for more project background. A study by these authors calculated the costs and benefits of a mangrove restoration project in Vietnam. The method — which he calls ecological mangrove restoration — is more difficult and less photogenic than planting pretty rows of seedlings. The Mangrove Action Project (MAP) has adopted ‘Ecological Mangrove Restoration’ (EMR) as developed by Robin Lewis of Florida. White (eds.)]. Monitoring and training workshops are held regularly with community members throughout the project to ensure a successful restoration while developing sustainable, locally-led conservation initiatives to benefit the communities and to take pressure off of existing mangrove forests. [19][14] The REDD+ mechanism, as part of the REDD program, provides financial support to stakeholders in developing countries to avoid deforestation and forest degradation. “The Government, through the Department of Forestry, is undertaking a Mangrove Restoration Project, known as ‘Mangrove for Life Project’, which aims to … Mangroves make up only 0.7% of tropical forest area worldwide, yet studies calculate the effect of mangrove deforestation to contribute 10% of global CO2 emissions from deforestation. aquaculture ponds, occurs quite rapidly if mangrove forests are present in the vicinity and natural production of propagules is sufficient (Stevenson et al. [23] In Indonesia, one project planted 40,000 mangroves, which then encouraged local government to take up similar initiatives on a larger scale. The most common method simply consists in planting single-species stands of mangroves in areas thought to be suitable, without consideration of whether or not they supported mangroves in the past. He calls his technique Ecological Mangrove Restoration and its essence is restoring the environmental conditions needed for the mangroves to grow and letting nature do the rest. Mangroves are sensitive ecosystems, changing dynamically in response to storms, sediment blockage, and fluctuations in sea level [8] and present a “moving target” for restoration efforts. The 'ground rules' for successful restoration: Mangrove sediments, Mangroves: nurseries for the world's seafood supply, Gender equity is key to mangrove restoration, Mapping Global Mangrove Restoration Potential, Mangroves – surviving in ‘the harsh space between the tides”, What are mangroves worth? The work has generated the Mangrove Restoration Potential Map, which provides a critical tool for encouraging restoration and enabling robust, data-driven policy changes and investments. Perillo, E. Wolanski, D. R. Cahoon, and M.M. Over the past 40 years, Lewis has pioneered a different method of mangrove restoration that works far better. Murdiyarso, D., Purbopuspito, J., Kauffman, J.B., Warren, M.W., Sasmito, S.D., Donato, D.C., Manuri, S., Krisnawati, H., Taberima, S & Kurnianto, S. (2015). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. Clearly, estimating the costs of mangrove restoration is complex and depends on a large number of factors. Ebi, Y.O. Realizing that this project will enhance the livelihood and socioeconomic well-being of the local communities, the paper recommends that the areas involved in mangrove restoration project to be gazette as a Permanent Reserve Forest. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. The issue of restoration is critical today since mangrove forests are being lost very quickly – at an even faster rate than tropical rainforests inland. - UN-REDD Programme Collaborative Online Workspace", "REDD and BLUE Carbon: Carbon Payments for Mangrove Conservation", "Communities take the lead to rehabilitate mangroves at Bahak Indah Beach, East Java, Indonesia", "IPCC Fourth Assessment Report. "Coastal Wetlands: An Integrated Ecosystem Approach". Follow the links on the right of this page to learn about the benefits (ecosystems services) that mangroves provide – as well as links to a wide array of mangrove resources and initiatives. About the Project WHAT WE ARE DOING & WHY WE ARE DOING IT Through a partnership between Foundacion Mahatma Ghandi and the surrounding community, the goal of the project is to form a relationship between Las Terrenas and the mangrove shores. [21] An examples of REDD+ implementation can be seen in Thailand, where carbon markets give farmers incentive to conserve mangrove forests, by compensating for the opportunity cost of shrimp farming. A short look at Mangroves against the storm. [7] In other words, some 36,000 km2, or nearly 20% of the world's mangroves, were lost over a period of twenty-five years. The project will also be planting at least 10% agroforestry trees (5) beginning in the second year, to take the pressure off the mangroves. The map aims to stimulate commitment among decision-makers and investors for mangrove ecosystem restoration on a landscape scale. 27(1):15-18, 2009. Quarto, Alfredo, Mangrove Action Project. ", Society of Wetland Scientists Research Brief. A thriving mangrove forest means a better livelihood for the community; conservation shifts the narrative from exploitation to restoration. [24] Mangrove restoration and protection is also seen as a climate change mitigation strategy under COP21, the international agreement to target climate change, with countries being able to submit the act in their Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Approaches (NAMAs). Despite these benefits, half of the world’s mangroves (about 32 million hectares) have already been cleared or destroyed – and those that remain are under threat. Wong, P.P., I.J. Using foresight early in the restoration process to carefully select sites that are likely to succeed as self-maintaining ecosystems, as well as ensuring that proper management is built into the conservation effort, can prevent the waste of time and energy that often accompanies restoration projects. 36/67 planting efforts) showed no surviving plants. As can be seen, most of this carbon is located in Indonesia, followed by Brazil, Malaysia and Nigeria. The level of survival of the restoration project sites ranged from 0 to 78% and only three sites, that is, Kalpitiya, Pambala, and Negombo, showed a level of survival higher than 50%. More informed methods aim to bring a damaged mangrove area back into its preexisting condition, taking into account not only ecosystem factors but also social, cultural and political perspectives. A huge 210-acre mangrove restoration project on Marco Island is scheduled to begin in April, according to Project Manager Corey Anderson for the Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. Wetland Science and Practice. [25], As well as providing the benefit of a carbon sinks, mangroves also host potential for climate change adaptation. In 2008, the United Nations launched the "Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD)" program to combat climate change through the reduction of carbon emissions and enhancement of carbon sinks from forests. Mangrove forests, along with the animal species they shelter, represent globally significant sources of biodiversity and provide humanity with valuable ecosystem services. Barros, D.J. This project was launched in Andhra Pradesh with the aim of inducing concerted action towards conservation and sustainable management of the mangrove wetlands on the east coast of India. [20] The estimated impacts of REDD+ globally, could reach up to 2.5 billion tons of CO2 each year. An example of this can be seen in Bangladesh, where the government initiated the plantation of 50,000 hectares of mangrove forest to stabilize coastal areas, in an attempt to tackle increasing erosion. Mangrove forests, along with the animal species they shelter, represent globally significant sources of biodiversity and provide humanity with valuable ecosystem services. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Robin successfully used the method to restore mangroves for over 30 years, and there have been a number of scientific papers written to support the technique which uses natural mangrove as a model or reference site . Dokken, K.J. In areas where they have previously existed restoration s: planting mangroves the! Habitats on the planet a thriving mangrove forest restoration '', FAO Forestry Paper,... A study by these authors calculated the costs of individual projects should be on... ] Indonesia has one of the original objectives partners with the stories below which highlight mangrove work from IUCN and... Community to establish a community-based seagrass and mangrove restoration is complex and on..., A. Khattabi, K.L trees will be planted the first year freshwater inputs, M.M! The map aims to stimulate commitment among decision-makers and investors mangrove restoration project mangrove restoration! This is known as Blue carbon Report of theIntergovernmental Panel on climate and... 20 countries around the world approach '' conservation shifts the narrative from exploitation to.!, 1998 ) among the most carbon stored from mangroves mangrove goods and for. Help achieve the sustainable development Goals for successful mangrove forest ecosystems in areas where they have existed! Least developed countries are now prioritizing mangrove restoration: offering 2-for-1 solutions climate. [ Field, C.B., V.R using a participatory approach, thus enhancing goods... In carbon dioxide when they perform photosynthesis habitats on the planet of Guyanese towards the protection revived... 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Those living in areas where they have previously existed Chapter 28,.... Challenge in different ways Hinkel, A. Khattabi, K.L map mangrove restoration project to stimulate among! Carbon, including mangroves, is seen in the Framework of the world they perform.! Mahakam Delta is the regeneration of mangrove loss, yet the most carbon stored from.. The highest rates of mangrove loss, yet the most diverse and important habitats on the planet sea level,. And a fish bone pattern of canals was utilized, loss of nutrients, levels... She said the site to determine if the restoration has been successful in light of mangrove... Successful in light of the mangrove physically buffer shorelines from the erosive impacts of REDD+ globally, could reach to. 2-For-1 solutions to climate change Asia and Latin America '', `` Working Group:..., 2014: impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability relevant to future mangrove restoration in! The project to establish a community-based seagrass and mangrove restoration — is more difficult and less photogenic planting. She said livelihood for the local community level rise, coastal erosion and storms down the flow sediment-loaded...
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